Perceived Stress Scale.
PSS (PSS-14 / PSS-10 / PSS-4)
Degree to which life situations are appraised as unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloading in the past month; the classic appraisal-based perceived-stress construct (not symptoms)
- Provisionally grouped under
- Length and format
- 14 (original); 10 (PSS-10, recommended); 4 (PSS-4, brief). 5-point frequency (0-4, never to very often); positively worded items reverse-scored; PSS-10 range 0-40 (self-report questionnaire)
- Language versions
- 25+ languages per Cohen's lab (ES, PT, DA, NO, SV, HE, EL, IT, DE, ZH, AR, BN, TA, UR and more); very broadly translated
- Reference
- Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
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- Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)WEL-PSS10
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