Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
CES-D
Frequency of depressive symptomatology in the past week (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic/retarded activity, interpersonal); designed for general-population epidemiology, not diagnosis
- Provisionally grouped under
- Length and format
- 20 items. 4-point frequency (0-3), summed 0-60; 4 items reverse-keyed (self-report questionnaire)
- Language versions
- 40+ languages incl. ES, FR, DE, ZH, JA, KO, AR, NL, PT, BCMS; among the most-translated depression scales
- Licence
- public-domain / open
Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.
- Reference
- Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
Measures you can take in clinical: mood, anxiety and stress
These are measures in the same field, which you can take here. This entry does not describe them.
More in Clinical: mood, anxiety and stress
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7 items. public-domain / open.
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9 (+1 functional-impairment item, unscored). public-domain / open.
- PSS (PSS-14 / PSS-10 / PSS-4) - Perceived Stress Scale
14 (original); 10 (PSS-10, recommended); 4 (PSS-4, brief). public-domain / open.
- ACE - Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire
10 (original ACE score); WHO ACE-IQ approx 43 items. public-domain / open.
- ACQ - Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire
14 items. open with attribution.
- ASRM - Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale
5 items. public-domain / open.
Use this instrument with your own participants
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