Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - 21.
DASS-21
Three correlated negative-affect dimensions: depression (dysphoria, hopelessness, anhedonia), anxiety (autonomic arousal, situational anxiety), and stress/tension (irritability, over-reactivity, difficulty relaxing)
- Provisionally grouped under
- Length and format
- 21 (7 per subscale). 4-point (0-3, past week); subscale sums multiplied by 2 to compare to DASS-42 (each 0-42) (self-report questionnaire)
- Language versions
- 50+ languages incl. ES, FR, DE, ZH, AR, FA, TR, PT, IT, NL, BCMS and many more; very broadly validated
- Licence
- public-domain / open
Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.
- Reference
- Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation of Australia.
Measures you can take in clinical: mood, anxiety and stress
These are measures in the same field, which you can take here. This entry does not describe them.
More in Clinical: mood, anxiety and stress
- GAD-7 - Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale
7 items. public-domain / open.
- PHQ-9 - Patient Health Questionnaire-9
9 (+1 functional-impairment item, unscored). public-domain / open.
- PSS (PSS-14 / PSS-10 / PSS-4) - Perceived Stress Scale
14 (original); 10 (PSS-10, recommended); 4 (PSS-4, brief). public-domain / open.
- ACE - Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire
10 (original ACE score); WHO ACE-IQ approx 43 items. public-domain / open.
- ACQ - Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire
14 items. open with attribution.
- ASRM - Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale
5 items. public-domain / open.
Use this instrument with your own participants
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