Perceived Stress Scale.

PSS (PSS-14 / PSS-10 / PSS-4)

What it measures

Degree to which life situations are appraised as unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloading in the past month; the classic appraisal-based perceived-stress construct (not symptoms)

Length and format

14 (original); 10 (PSS-10, recommended); 4 (PSS-4, brief). 5-point frequency (0-4, never to very often); positively worded items reverse-scored; PSS-10 range 0-40 (self-report questionnaire)

Language versions

25+ languages per Cohen's lab (ES, PT, DA, NO, SV, HE, EL, IT, DE, ZH, AR, BN, TA, UR and more); very broadly translated

Normative data

Languages	Countries	Breakdown	Status	Grade	N
en	US	by sex (2009 eNation); pooled derived	COLLECTED	A	2000

Licence

public-domain / open

Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.

Reference

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.