Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

CES-D

What it measures

Frequency of depressive symptomatology in the past week (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic/retarded activity, interpersonal); designed for general-population epidemiology, not diagnosis

Length and format

20 items. 4-point frequency (0-3), summed 0-60; 4 items reverse-keyed (self-report questionnaire)

Language versions

40+ languages incl. ES, FR, DE, ZH, JA, KO, AR, NL, PT, BCMS; among the most-translated depression scales

Normative data

No normative data held in our reference library for this instrument. That is a statement about our library, not about the published literature.

Licence

public-domain / open

Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.

Reference

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.