Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.

FTND

What it measures

Physical nicotine dependence (cigarettes/day, time to first cigarette, etc.); single severity index

Length and format

6 items. Mixed (Yes/No 0-1 and multi-category 0-3); summed 0-10; 0-2 very low to 8-10 very high dependence (self-report questionnaire)

Language versions

Dozens of languages; one of the most-translated substance measures (ES, FR, DE, PT, ZH, JA, AR, etc.)

Normative data

Normative data for this instrument is held in our reference library. The per-population breakdown is not published here.

Licence

open with attribution

Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.

Reference

Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerstrom, K. O. (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. British Journal of Addiction, 86(9), 1119-1127.