Proactive Personality Scale.
PPS
- What it measures
- Proactive personality - dispositional tendency to identify opportunities, show initiative, take action and persevere to change one's environment (unidimensional).
- Length and format
- 17 (original); 10-item and 6-item short forms widely used. 7-point Likert (agree-disagree) (self-report questionnaire)
- Language versions
- Many languages incl. ES, IT, ZH, FR, DE, NL, PT (validated adaptations).
- Normative data
- No normative data held in our reference library for this instrument. That is a statement about our library, not about the published literature.
- Licence
- open with attribution
Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.
- Reference
- Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
Choosing between this and the alternatives
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