Short Dark Tetrad.
SD4
- What it measures
- Dark Tetrad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism (7 items each)
- Length and format
- 28 items. 5-pt Likert (agreement) (self-report questionnaire)
- Language versions
- Growing fast: ZH (C-SD4), PL, RO (Romanian), + others since 2021.
- Normative data
- Normative data for this instrument is held in our reference library. The per-population breakdown is not published here.
- Licence
- open with attribution
Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.
- Reference
- Paulhus, D. L., Buckels, E. E., Trapnell, P. D., & Jones, D. N. (2021). Screening for dark personalities: The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 37(3), 208-222.
Choosing between this and the alternatives
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