Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness.
MUNSH
- What it measures
- Avowed happiness in older adults, modelled as positive affect, negative affect, positive experience and negative experience.
- Length and format
- 24 items. yes / no / unsure (self-report questionnaire)
- Language versions
- Chinese (very widely used in mainland China ageing research), Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish - 10+ langs approx
- Normative data
- No normative data held in our reference library for this instrument. That is a statement about our library, not about the published literature.
- Licence
- open with attribution
Licence classification is a research judgement by the catalogue’s authors, not legal advice, and it can be out of date. Confirm terms with the copyright holder or publisher before using an instrument, especially for commercial use.
- Reference
- Kozma, A., & Stones, M.J. (1980). The measurement of happiness: Development of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Journal of Gerontology, 35(6), 906-912. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.6.906
Choosing between this and the alternatives
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