Values, attitudes, ideology and morality.

Ambivalent attitudes toward men - Hostility toward Men (resentment of paternalism, compensatory gender differentiation, heterosexual hostility) and Benevolence toward Men (maternalism, complementary gender differentiation, heterosexual intimacy)

Ambivalent sexism toward women on 2 correlated dimensions: Hostile Sexism (antipathy toward women who challenge men's status) and Benevolent Sexism (subjectively positive but patronising, protective attitudes)

Sexual prejudice - attitudes toward lesbians (ATL) and toward gay men (ATG) as separate but correlated subscales

Attitudes toward the rights, roles, and privileges of women (traditional vs egalitarian gender-role attitudes)

Socially desirable responding split into 2 components: Self-Deceptive Enhancement (SDE, honest but overly favourable self-view) and Impression Management (IM, deliberate other-directed faking)

Belief that the world is a just place where people get what they deserve; differentiated into General BJW (the world broadly is just) and Personal BJW (events in MY own life are just)

Materialism as a constellation of personality traits: Possessiveness, Non-generosity, and Envy (Tangibility/Preservation added in later versions)

Psychological masculinity and femininity as independent dimensions; classifies people as masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated (gender-role self-concept, not attitudes)

Intergroup prejudice toward outgroups on 2 dimensions: Blatant prejudice (open rejection, threat, opposition to intimacy) and Subtle prejudice (defense of traditional values, exaggeration of cultural differences, denial of positive emotions toward the outgroup)

Multiple domains of religiousness/spirituality relevant to health: daily spiritual experiences, values/beliefs, forgiveness, private religious practices, religious/spiritual coping, religious support, religious/spiritual history, commitment, organisational religiousness, and overall self-ranking

Authoritarian personality syndrome: 9 facets (conventionalism, authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, anti-intraception, superstition/stereotypy, power/toughness, destructiveness/cynicism, projectivity, exaggerated concern with sex)

Centrality/salience of religion in personality across 5 core dimensions: Intellect (interest), Ideology (belief), Public practice, Private practice, and Religious Experience

Conformity to dominant Western feminine norms - Nice in Relationships, Thinness, Modesty, Domestic, Care for Children, Romantic Relationship, Sexual Fidelity, Invest in Appearance

Conformity to dominant cultural masculine norms across facets such as Winning, Emotional Control, Risk-Taking, Violence, Power over Women, Playboy, Self-Reliance, Primacy of Work, Disdain for Homosexuals, Pursuit of Status

Affective and experiential sense of oneness with the natural world; treated as the emotional counterpart to cognitive environmental worldview measures

Conspiracy mentality - the content-free generalised political attitude that powerful groups act in secret against the common interest

Hofstede's 5 cultural value dimensions measured at the INDIVIDUAL level: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Collectivism, Masculinity, Long-Term Orientation

Frequency of ordinary, everyday spiritual experiences (awe, gratitude, compassionate love, sense of the transcendent, inner peace, desire for closeness to the divine) - a measure of lived spirituality rather than belief or practice

Moral judgement development in the Kohlbergian tradition - the degree to which a person uses post-conventional (principled) moral reasoning when evaluating moral dilemmas; yields P-score and N2 index, plus schema scores (Personal Interest, Maintaining Norms, Postconventional)

Dogmatism - closed-mindedness / rigidity of belief systems regardless of ideological content (a general authoritarian-of-the-left-or-right cognitive style); the revised DOG scale measures unjustified certainty in beliefs

Religious involvement on 3 dimensions: Organisational Religious Activity (ORA), Non-Organisational Religious Activity (NORA), and Intrinsic Religiosity (IR)

Ethical ideology on 2 orthogonal dimensions: Idealism (concern that actions not harm others) and Relativism (rejection of universal moral rules); yields 4 ethical types (situationist, absolutist, subjectivist, exceptionist)

Lie / social-desirability validity scale embedded in the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire; flags 'faking good' / dissimulation (and, debatably, a stable conformity trait)

Spiritual well-being (non-denominational) on 3 facets: Meaning, Peace, and Faith (often split as Meaning/Peace = existential vs Faith)

Men's gender-role conflict - Success/Power/Competition, Restrictive Emotionality, Restrictive Affectionate Behavior Between Men, Conflict Between Work and Family Relations

Generic conspiracist ideation across five facets - government malfeasance, malevolent global conspiracies, extraterrestrial cover-up, personal wellbeing threats, control of information

Societal and organisational culture on 9 dimensions, each measured as both Practices (as is) and Values (should be): Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Institutional Collectivism, In-Group Collectivism, Gender Egalitarianism, Assertiveness, Future Orientation, Performance Orientation, Humane Orientation; plus culturally endorsed leadership dimensions

Individualism-collectivism crossed with horizontal (equality) vs vertical (hierarchy) emphasis: Horizontal Individualism, Vertical Individualism, Horizontal Collectivism, Vertical Collectivism

Materialist vs post-materialist value priorities (physical/economic security vs self-expression, belonging, participation, quality of life)

Intrinsic religious motivation - the extent to which religion is the master motive that integrates and directs one's life (a refinement of Allport's intrinsic orientation)

Self-reported political ideology on a single bipolar dimension (left vs right, or liberal vs conservative)

Left-wing authoritarianism on 3 dimensions: Anti-Hierarchical Aggression, Top-Down Censorship, and Anti-Conventionalism

Personal values salient in daily life and consumer behaviour: sense of belonging, excitement, warm relationships with others, self-fulfilment, being well-respected, fun and enjoyment in life, security, self-respect, sense of accomplishment (9 values, often grouped into internal vs external)

Social desirability response bias - the tendency to give culturally approved, approval-seeking answers (need for approval); used as a validity/response-style control

Materialism as a personal value, on 3 facets: Success (using possessions to judge success), Centrality (possessions central to life), Happiness (possessions as a route to happiness/well-being)

Contemporary, covert prejudice: denial of continuing discrimination, antagonism toward minority/women's demands, and resentment of special favours (Modern Sexism toward women; the parallel Modern/Symbolic Racism toward race)

Bandura's eight mechanisms of moral disengagement - moral justification, euphemistic labelling, advantageous comparison, displacement and diffusion of responsibility, distortion of consequences, dehumanisation, attribution of blame

Moral Foundations Theory: Care/Harm, Fairness/Cheating, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Subversion, Sanctity/Purity (often summarised as Individualising vs Binding foundations)

Revised Moral Foundations Theory with 6 foundations: Care, Equality, Proportionality (Fairness split into Equality + Proportionality), Loyalty, Authority, Purity

Moral Foundations Theory measured via concrete behavioural transgressions across the 6 foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, Sanctity, plus Liberty in some sets)

The degree to which being a moral person is central to one's self-concept, on 2 dimensions: Internalization (moral traits are central to the private self) and Symbolization (moral identity expressed in public actions)

Permissiveness toward morally debatable behaviours - how justifiable a person finds acts such as lying, cheating on taxes, accepting a bribe, etc.; typically yields a personal-dishonesty/illegality dimension and a sexual/self-determination dimension

Reported mystical experience along Stace's common-core dimensions - introvertive mysticism, extrovertive mysticism, and religious/noetic interpretation

National attachment differentiated into patriotism (affective attachment to one's country), nationalism (belief in national superiority and dominance), plus internationalism, civil liberties, and smugness subscales

Need for cognitive closure - desire for a firm, definite answer and aversion to ambiguity; facets: Preference for Order, Preference for Predictability, Decisiveness, Discomfort with Ambiguity, Closed-Mindedness

Endorsement of a pro-ecological worldview (limits to growth, anti-anthropocentrism, fragility of nature's balance, rejection of human exemptionalism, possibility of eco-crisis)

Gender-related personality traits as 2 dimensions: Instrumentality/agency ('masculine') and Expressiveness/communion ('feminine'), plus a bipolar M-F scale; self-concept rather than attitudes

Schwartz 10 basic values via short verbal self-portraits; standard European Social Survey 'Human Values Scale'; collapses to 2 higher-order value axes

Schwartz 10 basic values measured with verbal self-portraits (more items per value than the ESS-21)

Refined Schwartz theory: 19 more narrowly defined values on the same circular continuum (e.g. Universalism split into Nature/Concern/Tolerance; Power split into Dominance/Resources; Security, Conformity, Face, Humility, etc.), recoverable to the original 10 and to 4 higher-order values

Endorsement of the Protestant work ethic - belief in hard work, self-discipline, frugality, and the moral worth of labour as ends in themselves (independent of religious belief)

Quest orientation to religion: open-ended engagement with existential questions, viewing doubt as positive, and openness to change - a third orientation beyond Intrinsic/Extrinsic

Religious commitment - the degree to which a person adheres to and applies their religious values, beliefs, and practices; 2 facets: Intrapersonal religious commitment and Interpersonal religious commitment

Religious fundamentalism: belief in one inerrant set of religious truths, an essential us-vs-them struggle against evil, and the need to follow fundamental practices of the past

Motivation for religion: Intrinsic orientation (religion as a master motive / end in itself) vs Extrinsic orientation (religion as a means to social, comfort, or security ends)

Right-wing authoritarianism: covariation of Authoritarian Submission, Authoritarian Aggression, and Conventionalism

Two value systems: 18 terminal values (desirable end-states, e.g. a comfortable life, freedom, wisdom) and 18 instrumental values (desirable modes of conduct, e.g. honest, ambitious, broad-minded)

Strength of religious faith (a brief, nondenominational global index of faith importance, religious behaviour, coping, and identity)

Culture-level value orientations (the societal counterpart to the individual Schwartz values) on 7 orientations forming 3 bipolar dimensions: Embeddedness vs Autonomy (Intellectual + Affective), Hierarchy vs Egalitarianism, Mastery vs Harmony

Schwartz theory of basic human values: 10 motivationally distinct value types (Self-Direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power, Security, Conformity, Tradition, Benevolence, Universalism) on a circular continuum, summarised by 2 higher-order axes (Openness-to-Change vs Conservation; Self-Enhancement vs Self-Transcendence)